ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: The high costs of feed among the total costs of raw milk production and an unfavorable milk-feed ratio directly affect the profitability of milk producers. To understand how the market in Turkey can be equilibrated, an exploration of the factors affecting milk prices is essential. This study determined the effects of the basic and the economic indicators on the price of raw milk between 2010 and 2019, by analyzing the monthly panel data. Since time series data are used, Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) tests are conducted to find out whether the series is stationary. In order to see the individual effects, the parameters are estimated using the fixed and random-effects models. The Hausman test is conducted to decide which of the two models is valid. The basic indicators for milk price, namely, prices of barley, soybean meal, wheat and distillers dried grains with soluble (DDGS), and the economic indicators, namely, dollar exchange rate and agricultural producer price index (PPI) had significant (P < 0.05; P < 0.01) effects on the milk price. In conclusion, it is reported that the raw milk prices in Turkey are considerably affected by the prices of feed ingredients as well as the general economic conditions.
RESUMO: Os elevados custos da ração entre os custos totais para a produção de leite cru e uma relação leite-ração desfavorável afetam diretamente a lucratividade dos produtores de leite. Para entender como o mercado na Turquia pode ser equilibrado, é essencial explorar os fatores que afetam os preços do leite. Este estudo pretende determinar os efeitos dos indicadores básicos e econômicos sobre o preço do leite cru entre 2010 e 2019, por meio da análise de dados em painel mensal. Como os dados de série temporal são usados, os testes de Dickey-Fuller Aumentado (ADF) e Phillips-Perron (PP) são conduzidos para descobrir se a série é estacionária. Para ver os efeitos individuais, os parâmetros são estimados usando os modelos de efeitos fixos e aleatórios. O teste de Hausman é realizado para decidir qual dos dois modelos é válido. Encontram-se os indicadores básicos do preço do leite.Os preços da cevada, farelo de soja, trigo e grãos secos de destilaria com solúveis (DDGS), e os indicadores econômicos. A taxa de câmbio do dólar e o índice de preços ao produtor agrícola (PPI), ter efeitos significativos (P < 0,05; P < 0,01) no preço do leite. Em conclusão, verifica-se que os preços do leite cru na Turquia são consideravelmente afetados pelos preços dos ingredientes para rações, bem como pelas condições económicas gerais.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to examine the predictive role of self- compassion on entrapment. Participants were 338 university students (185 women, 153 men; M age = 20.5 yr.). In this study, the Self-compassion Scale and the Entrapment Scale were used. The relationships between self-compassion and entrapment were examined using correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. In correlation analysis, self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness factors of self-compassion were found negatively and self-judgment, isolation, and over-identification factors of self-compassion were found positively related to entrapment. According to regression results, entrapment was predicted positively by self-judgment, isolation, and over-identification. Further self-kindness and common humanity predicted entrapment in a negative way. Self-compassion has explained 50% of the variance in entrapment. The results were discussed in the light of the related literature and dependent recommendations to the area were given.
El propósito de este estudio es examinar el papel predictivo de la auto-compasión sobre el atrapamiento. Los participantes fueron 338 estudiantes universitarios (185 mujeres, 153 hombres;. M edad = 20,5 años). En este estudio, se utilizó la Escala de Auto-compasión y la Escala de Atrapamiento. Las relaciones entre la auto-compasión y atrapamiento fueron examinados utilizando análisis de correlación y análisis de regresión múltiple. En el análisis de correlación, la auto-bondad, la humanidad común, y los factores de la atención plena de la auto-compasión se encontraron negativamente relacionados con el auto-juicio. Se encontró que el aislamiento y la sobre-identificación de factores de auto-compasión se relacionan positivamente con la trampa. De acuerdo con resultados de la regresión, el atrapamiento se predijo positivamente por el auto-juicio, el aislamiento y sobre-identificación. Además la bondad propia y la humanidad común predijeron el atrapamiento de una manera negativa. La auto-compasión explica el 50% de la varianza en la trampa. Los resultados se discuten a la luz de la literatura relacionada y las recomendaciones dependen del área particular.
Subject(s)
Regression AnalysisABSTRACT
There are few studies that have examined the role of self-compassion in the context of social life, while self-compassion appears to enhance interpersonal relationship skills. The purpose of this study is to examine the predictive role of self-compassion on social safeness. Participants were 401 university students (213 women, 188 men; M age= 20.5 yr.). In this study, the Self-compassion Scale and the Social Safeness and Pleasure Scale were used. The relationships between self-compassion and social safeness were examined using correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. In the correlation analysis, self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness factors of self-compassion were found to be positively related, and self-judgment, isolation, and over-identification factors of self-compassion were found to be negatively related to social safeness. According to regression results, social safeness was predicted positively by mindfulness, self-kindness, and common humanity. Further isolation predicted social safeness in a negative way. The regression model explained 28% of the variance in social safeness. Together, the findings illuminate the importance of self-compassion on social adjustment. The results are discussed in the light of the related literature.
Existen pocos estudios que examinen el papel de la autocompasión en el contexto de la vida social, mientras que la autocompasión parece mejorar habilidades de relación interpersonal. El propósito de este estudio es examinar el papel predictivo de la autocompasión sobre la seguridad social. Los participantes eran estudiantes universitarios 401 (213 mujeres, 188 hombres; Edad M = 20,5 años.). En este estudio, se utilizaron la escala de la autocompasión y la Seguridad Social y la escala de placer. Las relaciones entre la seguridad social y la autocompasión fueron examinadas usando análisis de correlación y análisis de regresión múltiple. En el análisis de correlación se consideraron positivos los factores de la autocompasión de la auto-amabilidad, la humanidad común y la atención plena mientras que el autojuicio, el aislamiento y los factores de identificación excesiva de autocompasión fueron considerados negativamente en relación con la seguridad social. Según los resultados de regresión, la seguridad social fue considerada positivamente por concienciación, uno auto-bondad y humanidad común. Un aislamiento adicional predijo la seguridad social de una manera negativa. El modelo de regresión explica el 28% de la varianza en seguridad social. Juntos, los resultados iluminan la importancia de la autocompasión en el ajuste social. Los resultados se discuten a la luz de la literatura relacionada.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Empathy , Social Security , Universities , Regression AnalysisABSTRACT
The aim of this research is to investigate the mediator role of coping competence on the relationship between mindfulness and flourishing. Participants were 284 university students who completed a questionnaire package that included the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale, the Coping Competence Questionnaire, and the Flourishing Scale. The relationships between coping competence, mindfulness, and flourishing were examined using correlation and regression analysis. According to results, both coping competence and flourishing were predicted positively by mindfulness. On the other hand, flourishing was predicted positively by coping competence. In addition, coping competence mediated on the relationship between mindfulness and flourishing. Together, the findings illuminate the importance of mindfulness on psychological and cognitive adjustment. The results were discussed in the light of the related literature and dependent recommendations to the area were given.
El objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar el papel mediador del afrontamiento de la competencia en la relación entre la concienciación y el florecimiento. Participaron 284 estudiantes universitarios que rellenaron un paquete de cuestionarios que incluía la Escala de Concienciación Cognitiva y Afectiva, el Cuestionario de Afrontamiento de la Competencia, y la Escala de Florecimiento. Se examinaron las relaciones entre el afrontamiento de la competencia, la concienciación y el florecimiento utilizando un análisis de correlación y regresión. De acuerdo con los resultados, tanto el afrontamiento de la competencia como el florecimiento fueron predichos de manera positiva por la concienciación. Por otro lado, el florecimiento fue predicho positivamente por el afrontamiento de la competencia. Además, el afrontamiento de la competencia medió en la relación entre la concienciación y el florecimiento. En conjunto, los hallazgos ilustran la importancia de la concienciación en el ajuste psicológico y cognitivo. Se analizaron los resultados a la luz de la literatura relacionada, otorgándose las recomendaciones dependientes del área en cuestión.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To ascertain whether the changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) that occur during hypobaric hypoxic exposure are related to plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. Materials and Methods: The study group comprised 26 healthy participants (all male, mean age 23.1 years). IOP was measured at local ground level, (792 m above sea level), then while in a chamber providing hypobaric hypoxic conditions (the subjects were exposed to a pressure equivalent to 9144 m for 1-3 min), and again after exit from the chamber. In each condition, the mean of three consecutive measurements of IOP was calculated for each eye. For BNP measurements, blood samples were drawn before the participants entered the chamber and just after they left the chamber. Results: IOP during hypobaric hypoxic exposure (18.00 ± 3.70 mmHg) was significantly greater than that before (15.66 ± 2.10 mmHg, P < 0.001) or after (16.10 ± 2.63 mmHg, P = 0.001) the exposure. IOP levels before and after the exposure were not significantly different (P = 0.136). Plasma BNP levels measured before and after exposure to hypobaric hypoxic conditions were not significantly different (P = 0.462). Conclusion: Plasma BNP levels did not change after short-term hypobaric hypoxic exposure, while the IOP increased. This increase may have been caused by some other systemic factors. As the hypobaric hypoxic conditions were reversed, IOP decreased to normal levels.